During colonial rule, no re-housing policy was initiated to allow the elimination of the existing slums.
At the beginning of the year 1976, a re-housing emergency policy was carried out by the State to provide Sahrawis decent living conditions in line with the basic human rights.
During 80s, with rural-urban migration and settlement of the Saharan nomadic populations, urban centers have experienced an unprecedented overcrowding. The State immediately launched several social housing operations to stop this trend and ensure sustainable development in the region.
Slums in the region’s main cities in will be completely eradicated by 2010 in accordance with the objectives of the national strategy to fight slums.
The following tables show the number of families who benefited from re-housing programs in the Sahara region:
Laayoune Province
The first emergency program was initiated in 1976. The first achievement was the rebuilding of Al Qassam district, which has helped host residents from several district slums.
Two housing forms can be taken as unhealthy: slums and camps. In the Laayoune province, figures related to slums are presented in the following table:
|
Province
|
Locality
|
Slums
|
Number of households
|
|
Laâyoune
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
Hay Lamnibagh
Hay Al Fida (Souk El baladi)
Hay Kharsitou
Hay Kharsitou Brarik Tben
Zone industrielle
Bario Lata
Dépotoir
Campement Al Wahda I
Campement Al wahda II
|
62
31
1
5
32
30
147
5 276
4 231
|
|
Overall Laâyoune province
|
9.815
|
This number is being reduced annually through several projects initiated by the State within the national programme 'cities without slums'. Ongoing monitoring of housing projects is carried out by the government and local authorities and construction companies in the public and private sectors. This monitoring goes up to the state’s high authority.
It should be noted that slums have been strengthened following the development of the province. This economic development has encouraged migrating people looking for higher-paying jobs.
Projects initiated by the state to combat slums are presented in Urbanisation and Housing sections.
Panoramic view of the city of Laayoune
Dakhla Province
Today, Dakhla province offers encouraging investment opportunities that will be further strengthened, particularly those related to fisheries and tourism sectors, thanks to the entry into service of the new port the city of Dakhla, its industrial zone and new fishing villages, as well as the geographical and climatic advantages of the province.
Therefore, the need in human resources at the provincial level has led to a massive influx of labour.
This rapid development has resulted in a large urban growth leading to the coming out of slums and shanty towns, as well as the deterioration of old houses inherited from the Spanish era.
This phenomenon of slums has impacted negatively on the urban space in the town of Dakhla and peaches points of the different towns in the area overlooking the Atlantic Ocean.
The city of Dakhla is marked by the presence of three large unhealthy residential neighborhoods:
- Camps El Wahda (C1 and C2) south of the town of Dakhla containing 3860 households
- "Lahrait" Slums near the camps Al Wahda camps comprising 2670 households
- Center city slums hosting 158 households
- In addition to 104 tumbledown homes dating from the colonial era
The resettlement of all these households is expected by 2010.
There are also slums fishing villages made by fishermen from the north of the Kingdom to exercise their traditional fishing activities along the shores of the Atlantic Ocean. These fishing points are made up of fishing shacks scattered chaotically and unsafely.
These sites have been identified as illegal fishing points and thus several huts were demolished under the national programme to fight slums.
The table below shows the number of assigned elimination units:
|
Project Name
|
Attribution Name
|
Unity Type
|
|
lots
|
Logts
|
restructuration Unity
|
Total
|
|
‘Hay Hassani’ parcelling in à Dakhla
|
2004
|
569
|
00
|
00
|
570
|
|
2005
|
179
|
00
|
00
|
178
|
|
2006
|
70
|
84
|
00
|
154
|
|
Overall
|
818
|
84*
|
00
|
902
|
*: 84 lots of Hay Hassani parcelling have been carried out at the Wilaya, for the realization of embryonic housing under the NIHD, for the benefit of 84 households from 'Lahrait' slums in Dakhla.
The following table shows the number of households transferred to Dakhla:
|
Number of households receiving a lot at Hay Hassani or embryonic housing under programme Al Aouda
(700 units) in Dakhla
|
Rehousing
|
Reaccommodating
|
|
Al Wahda camps
|
Lahraît slums
|
Center city slums
|
Al Aouda (Dakhla)
|
Hay Hassani
|
Hay Hassani
|
|
April 2003
|
27
|
44
|
42
|
113
|
00
|
00
|
|
April 2004
|
67
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
67
|
|
May 2004
|
224
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
224
|
|
June2004
|
203
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
203
|
|
July2004
|
45
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
45
|
|
August 2004
|
14
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
14
|
|
December 2004
|
00
|
16
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
16
|
|
June2005
|
179
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
179
|
|
May 2006
|
00
|
84*
|
00
|
00
|
84*
|
00
|
|
Overall
|
759
|
144
|
42
|
113
|
84*
|
748
|
|
Total lots accorded to households from Lahraît camps at Hay Hassani
|
832
|
*: 84 households from Lahrait slums were resettled during the 1st semester of 2006 in embryonic housing built by the Wilaya at Hay Hassani subdivision as part of the NIHD
The following table shows the number of huts demolished in Dakhla :
|
District
|
Number of huts demolished
|
|
2003
|
2004
|
2005
|
2006
|
Total
|
|
Al Wahda camps
|
27
|
553
|
179
|
00
|
759
|
|
Lahraît slums
|
44
|
16
|
00
|
84
|
144
|
|
City center slums
|
42
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
42
|
|
Overall
|
113
|
569
|
179
|
84
|
945
|
The table below shows the number of resorption units available not yet announced:
|
Parcelling
|
Number of reaccommodating lots
|
Lot number allocated within Social action
|
Number of lots attributed to poor households as part of the social action
|
Number of lots allocated to households from Lahraît camps
|
Number of lots available not yet allocated
|
|
Hay Hassani in Dakhla
|
1617
|
220
|
70
|
832
|
495
|
Al Aouda programme in the context of social action initiated by the State is presented in the following two tables:
|
Allocated lots
|
|
Projects
|
serviced Lots
|
Camp Inhabitants
|
Slum Inhabitants
|
won over
|
Poor / Achbal
|
Others
|
Reminder
|
|
Al Aouda
Dakhla
|
208
|
00
|
00
|
40
|
81
|
53
|
34
|
|
Al Aouda N'tireft
|
200
|
00
|
00
|
70
|
110
|
00
|
20
|
|
Al Aouda
Labouirda
|
206
|
00
|
00
|
65
|
105
|
00
|
36
|
|
Al Aouda
El Argoub
|
318
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
318
|
|
Allocated Lots
|
|
City/Center
|
Built Houses
|
Camp Inhabitants
|
Slum Inhabitanats
|
won over
|
Poor/ Achbal
|
Others
|
Reminder
|
|
Al Aouda
Dakhla
|
700
|
27
|
86
|
300
|
287
|
00
|
00
|
|
Al Aouda N'tireft
|
100
|
00
|
00
|
26
|
36
|
00
|
38
|
|
Al Aouda
Labouirda
|
76
|
00
|
00
|
21
|
39
|
00
|
16
|
|
Al Aouda
El Argoub
|
100
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
100
|
The following table presents the new programme of the province:
|
Dakhla Province
|
Surface Ha
|
|
New promotional program north of Dakhla
|
17
|
|
New promotional program south of Dakhla
|
58
|
|
New Special Programme to Fight Slums north of Dakhla
|
125
|
|
Total Province
|
200
|
The following table presents the distribution of units depending on the needs of the province and the specificities of the new program:
|
Dakhla Province
|
Unity Number
|
|
Lot resettlement need at Dakhla
|
720
|
|
Current need in housing lots for other social categories at Dakhla
|
9378
|
|
Villa lots at Dakhla
|
550
|
|
Economic Villas at Dakhla
|
50
|
|
Economic lots at Dakhla
|
1600
|
|
Total Province
|
12298
|
Panoramic view of the city of Dakhla
Here are some pictures of the main projects at Dakhla:
Hay Al Hassani Parcelling at Dakhla
(Resettlement of Al Wahda camps inhabitants- 700 houses)
Al Aouda Programme Al Argoub center
Al Aouda Programme Al Argoub center
Al Aouda Programme Labouirda center (Imlili rural Commune )
Smara Province
The resettlement projects in the province of Smara are presented in the Urbanisation and Housing sections. Here are a few photos illustrating types of dwellings at Smara:
Gouiez Camps
Gouiez Camps(2)
Here are some pictures of housing projects in Smara:
Project of 100 houses
Project of 100 houses (2)
Al Aouda Project
Al Aouda Project (2)
Al Aouda Project (3)
Boujdour Province
Projects implemented by the State between 1980 and 1987 are presented in the following table:
|
Project
|
Localization
|
Consistency
|
Implementation Year
|
|
Lots
|
Logts
|
|
Construction of 80 houses
|
C.U Boujdour
|
-
|
80
|
1982
|
1984
|
|
Construction of 25 houses
|
C.U Boujdour
|
-
|
25
|
1985
|
1986
|
Projects implemented by the State in this province between 1991 and 2005 are presented in the following table:
|
Project
|
Localization
|
Consistency
|
Implementation Year
|
|
|
Lots
|
Logts
|
|
|
Real Estate
|
C.U Boujdour
|
-
|
100
|
1991
|
1992
|
|
|
Al Wahda
|
C.U Boujdour
|
-
|
64
|
1994
|
1996
|
|
|
Al Amal I
|
C.U Boujdour
|
420
|
-
|
1997
|
2000
|
|
|
Al Aouda 1° T
|
C.U Boujdour
|
-
|
159
|
1999
|
2000
|
|
|
Al Aouda 2° T
|
C.U Boujdour
|
-
|
141
|
1999
|
2000
|
|
|
Al Wahda I
|
C.U Boujdour
|
558
|
-
|
2002
|
2003
|
|
Al Wahda II
|
C.U Boujdour
|
542
|
-
|
2001
|
2002
|
|
Al Aouda 3° Tranche
|
C.U Boujdour
|
-
|
80
|
2002
|
2003
|
|
Al Aouda M’Sied
|
C.R M’sied
|
164
|
42
|
2002
|
2003
|
|
Al Aouda Agti El Ghazi
|
C. R M’sied
|
149
|
36
|
2002
|
2003
|
|
Al Aouda Laqraâ
|
C.R Jraifia
|
211
|
42
|
2002
|
2003
|
|
Total Boujdour Province
|
2.044
|
664
|
|
The project underway in the province is ATTANMIA with 1813 homes whose construction began in 2006.
Aousserd Province
The allocation situation within Al Aouda programs under the province Social Action is shown in two tables:
|
Allocated Lots
|
|
Projects
|
serviced Lots
|
Camp Inhabitants
|
Slum Inhabitants
|
Won over
|
poor/ Achbal
|
Others
|
Reminder
|
|
Al Aouda
Bir Guendouz
|
612
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
612
|
|
Al Aouda
Aousserd
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
|
Allocated Lots
|
|
City/Center
|
Built Houses
|
Camp Inhabitants
|
Slum Inhabitants
|
Won over
|
Poor/ Achbal
|
Others
|
Reminder
|
|
Al Aouda
Bir Guendouz
|
176
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
176
|
|
Al Aouda
Aousserd
|
168
|
00
|
00
|
00
|
108
|
60
|
00
|
The new housing programme in the province of Aousserd is as follows:
|
Aousserd Province
|
Superficie en Ha
|
|
Special Programme ‘Aousserd Center’
|
10
|
|
Special Programme ‘Bir Guendouz Center’
|
20
|
|
Total Province
|
30
|
The distribution of units according to the needs of the province and the features of the new programme is as follows:
|
Aousserd Province
|
Unity Number
|
|
Current need in terms of lots at Bir Guendouz center
|
700
|
|
Current need in terms of lots at Aousserd center
|
300
|
|
Total Province
|
1000
|
Here are some photos of key projects initiated by the government in the province of Aousserd:
Al Aouda Programme at Bir Guendouz center
Al Aouda Programme at Bir Guendouz center (2)