The housing projects initiated by the State in the Sahara region aim at preserving the way of life of Sahrawis. Particular attention was given to the architectural aspect whether at the interior levels or at the level of materials adaptation to to the weather conditions in the region.
Therefore, since the return of the Sahara region to the motherland in 1975, several housing projects taking into account the pastoral way of life were attributed to nomadic families who have chosen to settle in urban areas. These houses can host both families and their livestock thanks a duplication of services within these houses. This construction provides the possibility to preserve cattle while promoting the integration of families in urban areas.
Since the launching by the state of structured housing and re-housing projects in the Sahara region since 80s, new houses have adopted modern architectural forms mixing harmony and functionality.
This extensive program of housing and its evolution during two decades have been strengthened through the involvement of the private sector which has demonstrated outstanding dynamism in the region, confirming the Sahrawi spirit of initiative and the interest of domestic and international investors in the Sahara region.
The following tables present housing programs carried by the State until 2006/2007:
Laayoune Province
The housing sector has witnessed a dynamic programming since 1976 that has been accomplished through partnerships including ministry departments, municipalities and local authorities, as well as the agencies and companies in charge of development in the Sahara region.
Projects implemented by the State between 1980 and 1987 are given in the following table:
|
Project
|
Localization
|
Consistency
|
Implementation Year
|
|
Lots
|
Logts
|
|
Hay Al Qassam
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
-
|
407
|
1980
|
1983
|
|
Hay My Rachid 3° tr
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
-
|
330
|
1980
|
1984
|
|
Hay Al Matar
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
-
|
340
|
1981
|
1984
|
|
Route Es Smara
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
-
|
444
|
1983
|
1986
|
|
Hay Al Moustachfa
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
-
|
344
|
1984
|
1987
|
|
Route Es Smara
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
-
|
192
|
1984
|
1987
|
|
Hay My Rachid 1° Tr
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
280 villas
|
-
|
1981
|
1984
|
|
Hay My Rachid extension
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
2025
|
-
|
1983
|
1987
|
|
Construction de 100 logements
|
C.U Tarfaya
|
-
|
100
|
1984
|
1986
|
|
Hay Al Massira
|
C.U Al Marsa
|
-
|
200
|
1981
|
1984
|
|
Construction de 50 logements
|
C.R Daoura
|
-
|
50
|
1983
|
1985
|
|
Construction de 120 logements
|
C.R Foum El Oued
|
-
|
120
|
1982
|
1984
|
|
Overall Laâyoune province
|
2305
|
2527
|
|
Projects implemented by the State in Laayoune province between 1991 and 2005 are given in the following table:
|
Project
|
Localization
|
Consistency
|
Implementation Year
|
|
|
Lots
|
Logts
|
|
|
Ensemble immobilier
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
-
|
100
|
1991
|
1992
|
|
|
Al Wahda
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
-
|
120
|
1994
|
1996
|
|
|
Al Amal I
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
588
|
-
|
1996
|
2001
|
|
|
Al Amal II
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
354
|
-
|
1997
|
2001
|
|
|
Al Aouda 1ère tranche
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
-
|
200
|
1999
|
2000
|
|
|
Al Aouda 2ème tranche
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
-
|
166
|
1999
|
2000
|
|
|
Al Aouda 3ème tranche
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
-
|
134
|
1999
|
2000
|
|
|
Al Aouda 4ème tranche
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
-
|
250
|
1999
|
2000
|
|
|
Al Aouda 5ème tranche
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
-
|
250
|
1999
|
2000
|
|
|
Al Aouda 6ème tranche
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
-
|
150
|
2000
|
2000
|
|
|
Al Aouda 7ème tranche
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
-
|
150
|
2000
|
2001
|
|
|
Al Aouda 8ème tranche
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
-
|
150
|
2000
|
2001
|
|
|
Al Amal III
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
210
|
-
|
2002
|
2003
|
|
|
Al Aouda 9° Tranche
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
-
|
425
|
2002
|
2003
|
|
|
Al Aouda 10° Tranche
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
-
|
425
|
2002
|
2003
|
|
|
Al Aouda 11° Tranche
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
-
|
400
|
2002
|
2003
|
|
|
Al Aouda 12° Tranche
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
-
|
300
|
2002
|
2003
|
|
|
Madinat Al Wahda 1° tranche
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
2144
|
|
2002
|
2004
|
|
|
Al Wifaq
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
-
|
1500
|
2003
|
2005
|
|
Overall Laâyoune province
|
3.296
|
4.720
|
|
Projects implemented between 2005 and 2007 are given in the following table:
|
Project
|
Localization
|
Consistency
|
Implementation Year
|
|
Al Wikala I
|
C.U Laâyoune
|
2474
|
2005 - 2007
|
>
Dakhla Province
Housing in the city of Dakhla is dominated by the "Moroccan modern house" which houses more than 50% of households, followed by slums and apartments. This explains the recent urban development in the city.
The following pictures show a general view of the city and the type of buildings and construction located in Dakhla:
View of the city of Dakhla
The following table shows the projects carried out by the state in the region since 1980:
|
Designation
|
Localization
|
Project Nature
|
Consistency
|
Project Cost MMAD
|
|
Lots
|
Logts
|
|
Construction of 300 Logts :
· Hay Oum Tounssi
· Quartier Militaire
|
Dakhla
|
Construction of social housing
|
---
|
250
50
|
17,96
|
|
Hay My Rachid
|
Dakhla
|
Construction of social housing
|
---
|
192
|
23,16
|
|
AL WAHDA real estate
|
Dakhla
|
Economic housing
|
---
|
100
|
30,10
|
|
Wahda
|
Dakhla
|
Construction of embryonic housing
|
---
|
64
|
7,20
|
|
Al Quassam I (*)
|
Dakhla
|
Lot servicing:
-Economic housing
-Economic housing
+ com.
-Villas
|
278
|
---
|
8,30
|
|
Al Quassam II (*)
|
Dakhla
|
Lot servicing:
-Economic housing
-Economic housing
+ com.
-Villas
|
228
|
---
|
12,20
|
|
Al Aouda 1st phase
|
Dakhla
|
Equipment and lot servicing for the construction of 250 housing units.
|
---
|
---
|
14,80
|
|
Al Aouda 2nd phase
|
Dakhla
|
Equipment and lot servicing for the construction of 250 housing units.
|
---
|
---
|
7,80
|
|
Al Aouda 1st phase and 2nd phase
|
Dakhla
|
Construction of social housing
|
---
|
500
|
58,30
|
|
Hay Hassani
|
Dakhla
|
Economic lot servicing
|
1628
|
---
|
59,20
|
|
Al Aouda 3nd phase
|
Dakhla
|
lot servicing and construction of social housing units
|
212
|
200
|
33,50
|
|
Al Aouda N’tireft
|
El Argoub Commune
|
Servicing of lots and construction of social logts and a city center
|
203
|
100
|
22,90
|
|
Al Aouda El Argoub
|
El Argoub Commune
|
Servicing of lots and construction of social logts and a city center
|
364
|
100
|
21,60
|
|
Al Aouda Labouirda
|
Imlili Commune
|
Servicing of lots and construction of social logts and a city center
|
212
|
76
|
17,60
|
|
Parcelling of OUED ECHIAF (*)
(Autorized on 11/28/2002)
|
Dakhla
|
Servicing of lots: - 372 lots and 7 equipment
|
379
|
--
|
20,00
|
|
AL KHALIJ villa parcelling
|
Dakhla
|
Servicing of lots:
11 lots of buildings
82 lots of villas, - 4 equipment.
|
97
|
---
|
24,40
|
|
Overall
|
3601
|
1632
|
359,02
|
The following table shows the housing projects planned in the province of Dakhla:
|
Designation
|
Localization
|
Project Nature
|
Consistency
|
Project Cost MMAD
|
|
Lots
|
Logts
|
|
TAMAYA Activity Zone(*)
|
Dakhla
|
Activity Zone
|
261
|
--
|
36,00
|
|
Hay Hassani Activity Zone (*)
|
Dakhla
|
Activity Zone
|
292
|
--
|
11,20
|
|
Overall
|
553
|
--
|
47,2
|
Smara Province
The typology of housing in the province of Smara is as follows:
- Moroccan House: 66.8%
- Apartments: 3%
- City: 0.10%
- Slums: 24.7%
- Rural Housing: 0.6%
The age of housing in the province of Smara is as follows:
- Less than 10 years: 39.6%
- 10 years to 19 years: 47.9%
- 20 years to 49 years: 12.5%
- More than 50 years: 0.1%
The status of housing in the province of Smara comprises 46.5% of owners and 33.5% of tenants.
The following table shows the projects carried out between 1975 and 2003:
|
Parcelling and constructions
|
|
Lot Number
|
2540
|
|
Number of houses
|
1014
|
|
Cost (MMAD)
|
222,90
|
The following table shows the projects carried out or being carried out between 2004 and 2007:
|
Restructuring and urban upgrading
|
|
Number of communes
|
1
|
|
Number of households
|
1200
|
|
Cost (MMAD)
|
30,00
|
The projects programmed for the 2008-2012 period are given in the table below:
|
Parcelling and constructions
|
|
Number of lots
|
2000
|
|
Number of houses
|
-
|
|
Cost (MMAD)
|
160,00
|
|
Restructuring and urban upgrading
|
|
Number of communes
|
2
|
|
Number of households
|
919
|
|
Cost (MMAD)
|
6,00
|
|
Slums and ALWAHDA camps
|
|
Number of communes
|
1
|
|
Number of households
|
4800
|
|
Cost (MMAD)
|
337,00
|
Boujdour Province
The following table shows the projects implemented by the State between 1980 and 1987:
|
Project
|
Localization
|
Consistency
|
Implementation Year
|
|
Lots
|
Logts
|
|
Construction of 80 houses
|
C.U Boujdour
|
-
|
80
|
1982
|
1984
|
|
Construction of 25 houses
|
C.U Boujdour
|
-
|
25
|
1985
|
1986
|
The following table presents the achievements between 1991 and 2005 in the province of Boujdour:
|
Project
|
Localization
|
Consistency
|
Implementation Year
|
|
|
Lots
|
Logts
|
|
|
Real estate
|
C.U Boujdour
|
-
|
100
|
1991
|
1992
|
|
|
Al Wahda
|
C.U Boujdour
|
-
|
64
|
1994
|
1996
|
|
|
Al Amal I
|
C.U Boujdour
|
420
|
-
|
1997
|
2000
|
|
|
Al Aouda 1° T
|
C.U Boujdour
|
-
|
159
|
1999
|
2000
|
|
|
Al Aouda 2° T
|
C.U Boujdour
|
-
|
141
|
1999
|
2000
|
|
|
Al Wahda I
|
C.U Boujdour
|
558
|
-
|
2002
|
2003
|
|
Al Wahda II
|
C.U Boujdour
|
542
|
-
|
2001
|
2002
|
|
Al Aouda 3° Tranche
|
C.U Boujdour
|
-
|
80
|
2002
|
2003
|
|
Al Aouda M’Sied
|
C.R M’sied
|
164
|
42
|
2002
|
2003
|
|
Al Aouda Agti El Ghazi
|
C. R M’sied
|
149
|
36
|
2002
|
2003
|
|
Al Aouda Laqraâ
|
C.R Jraifia
|
211
|
42
|
2002
|
2003
|
|
Overll Boujdour province
|
2.044
|
664
|
|
As for the 2005-2007 period, the project underway is ATTANMIA project with a consistency of 1813 dwellings.
Aousserd Province
The following table shows the status of projects since 1980 in the province of Aousserd:
|
Designation
|
Localization
|
Project Nature
|
Consistency
|
Project Cost MMAD
|
|
Lots
|
Logts
|
|
Al Aouda
|
Aousserd
|
Construction of social housing
|
---
|
200
|
30,40
|
|
Al Aouda Bir Guendouz 1st Phase
|
Bir Guendouz Commune
|
Servicing of lots, construction of social housing and a center
|
209
|
100
|
22,10
|
|
Al Aouda Bir Guendouz 2nd Phase
|
Servicing of lots, construction of social housing and a center
|
Bir Guendouz Commune
|
415
|
76
|
24,00
|
|
Overall
|
624
|
376
|
76,5
|
The following table shows the projects planned in the province of Aousserd:
|
Designation
|
Localization
|
Project Nature
|
Consistency
|
Project Cost MMAD
|
|
Lots
|
Logts
|
|
Al Wakala Programme 1st phase
|
Construction of social housing
|
Bir Guendouz Commune
|
--
|
250
|
---
|
|
Overall
|
--
|
250
|
---
|